PARIS AGREEMENT ON CLIMATE CHANGE.

 Leaders of 195 countries met at Paris in 2015 at the UN Climate Change Conference COP21 (the 21^st year of the Conference) to unite the world on Global warming.

The nations agreed on a new global climate plan as per which they agreed to:

Keep the global temperature rise well below 2 degrees centigrade over the pre-industrial revolution times.

Try to limit the rise below 1.5 degrees.

Help poorer nations to pay for clean energy and climate change. 

Based on the agreement countries set their own goals to cut pollution and the plans are called NDC’s (Nationally Determined Contributions). Nations check their progress under the plan every 5 years.  

Scientists measure 1.5 degree target with a 20 year global average and not just by 1 or 2 solitary years. This is currently at 1.4 degrees above pre industrial levels. 2024 recorded a temperature rise of over 2 degrees.

A recent UN Environment Programme Report warns that the global temperature would surpass the threshold of 1.5 degrees in a few years and would peak at 1.8 degrees and this looks certainly dangerous for the next generation.

The system of Carbon Credits had been brought in, as per which a Carbon Credit is:

“A tradable Electronic Certificate that represents reduction, avoidance or removal of 1 MT of carbon Dioxide or an equivalent Greenhouse gas.”

Projects that lower emissions like planting trees, building solar farms etc. generate credits once verified by an independent organization. Companies buy and sell these credits in carbon markets to meet legal limits or climate goals. Once a business uses a credit to compensate for its emissions the credit is permanently retired so that it cannot be reused again.

There are Compliance Markets for Carbon Credits is a government regulated system where companies face legal penalties if they exceed pollution limits.

There are Voluntary Markets for carbon Credits where organizations or individuals buy credits on their own from another to reach internal net-zero goals.

In India the Carbon Credit markets are regulated by the Ministry of Power through the “Bureau of Energy Efficiency”.

India’s NDC’s:

Reduce emission intensity by 47% by 2035 from the 2005 levels. Reach 60% non-fossil fuel powered electricity generation by 2035 & create enough forest cover to reduce 3.5 billion to 4.0  billion tons of CO2 emissions by 2035.

There are also the Carbon Offsets as against Carbon Credits. These represent the actual environmental benefit or the reduction or removal of 1 MT of Greenhouse Gas emissions, resulting from an action taken to compensate for emissions made elsewhere.

WHY SET A LIMIT ON TEMPERTAURE RISE AT ALL? : If global temperature rises by 1.5 degrees centigrade over pre industrial revolution level, it would trigger widespread changes in our climate. The effects would be:

Major land regions will experience more frequent and intense extreme heat, there would be heavy precipitation and severe flooding and there would risk of severe droughts and wildfires. They would affect Ecosystems & wildlife and pose extinction risks for many species. Oceans would raise flooding coastal communities and eroding shorelines. Although this rise is manageable at 1.5 degree rise, it becomes dangerous if the rise is 2 degrees. The acidity of the oceans would increase harming fish.

This idiot Trump withdrew the US from the Paris Agreement twice: Once in 2020 while Biden re-joined it and Trump did it again in 2026. With blabbering and stupid idiots like Trump around humanity does not need an alien species to disturb the earth.