EARLIEST CIVILIZATIONS OF THE WORLD.

Which is the earliest known civilization and are the civilizations inter related?

The earliest signs of a stationary type of civilization is from the Levant where it evolved into an agricultural society by 10,000 BC itself.

The earliest urban settlements were at Memphis in Egypt and Uruk in Mesapotamia by the 31^st century BC. The Harappan urban settlement rose in 2600 BC.  

Historians now believe that civilizations have emerged independently at various places in the world .

1.       Fertile Crescent: PPNA 10,200 BC JERICHO in Mesopotamia is considered to be the world’s oldest town which was settled at around 8500 BC.

ERIDU is the oldest Sumerian site settled at around 5300 BC. The city of UR also dates to this period.

The Sumerian civilization compounded into the city of URUK developed in the year 4000 BC. This civilization developed Cuneiform writing and the first cuneiform texts can be dated to 3000 BC. This was initially pictographic which later evolved into a script by 2700 BC itself.  

By the year 2900 BC itself a strong central government                    emerged in this civilization.

2.      Egyptian Civilization: This civilization developed around 3100 BC. Egypt was unified by the time of the first dynasty which started from about 2690 BC.

3.     Ancient India: PPNA 7,000 BC Mehrangarh in Haryana. It is possible that the culture of Mehrangarh migrated to the Indus Valley and started the Indus Valley Civilization. This starts at around 3300 BC. By 2600 BC the Harappan culture gave rise to large urban centers including Harappa and Mohenjadaro.    

  This civilization developed the world’s first known sanitation system. Due to unknown reasons the decline of this civilization began in 1800 BC and by 1700 BC all the cities have been abandoned. At this time the Aryans started their migration into India.